As we begin the second week of Advent, the Church invites us to deepen our understanding of whom it is we are awaiting. Advent is not simply a countdown to Christmas; it is a season of preparation for the coming of Christ—past, present, and future. This year, we are reflecting on four prophetic titles for the coming Messiah from the ancient O Antiphons. From within the ancient prophecies of Isaiah and other Old Testament texts, seven titles of the promised Messiah are revealed to us: Wisdom, Lord, Root of Jesse, Key of David, Rising Dawn, King of Nations, and Emmanuel. Each title helps us recognize how Jesus fulfills God’s plan of salvation throughout history.